简介 这篇文章将教你如何使用 Visual C++ 和 ATL 工具和 Microsoft CryptoAPI 建立一个能加/解密数据的组件。 Crypto 101 本文使用Microsoft® Cryptographic Application Programming Interface (CryptoAPI),将苦涩难懂的逻辑算法操作隐藏起来,如果想知道详细信息请参看MSDN Library.如果想知道更多的密码系统,我推荐你看看这本书 Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C建立组件 首先,用"ATL COM AppWizard”建立一个新project。在这个例子中,我将其命名为”CryptoProj”。在 server type中选择”Dynamic Link Library (DLL)”,点按”Finish”继续。 定义界面 在 insert 菜单中点按"New ATL Object...",选择 “Simple Object”,然后按 Next。 在 “Names” 栏中,设 short name 为 “Crypto”,其他项照下面的填写。 在 Attributes 栏,确定 Apartment Threading Model 被选上,Support IsupportErrorInfo 选项勾上,然后按 OK. 按右键点击 Icrypto ,点”Add Method”加一个方法. 将该方法取名为”Encrypt”,在参数栏输入"[in] BSTR bstrPlainText, [in] BSTR bstrPassword, [out, retval] VARIANT *vCipherText". 再加一个方法,取名为”Decrypt”,参数为"[in] VARIANT vCipherText, [in] BSTR bstrPassword, [out, retval] BSTR *bstrPlainText" 实现加密方法 需要包括 CryptoAPI 库,在 Crypto.cpp 头加一句: #include <wincrypt.h> 现在来定义我们需要的各种变量。STDMETHODIMP CCrypto::Encrypt(BSTR bstrPlainText, BSTR bstrPassword, VARIANT *vCipherText) { BYTE *pbData; BYTE *pbPassword; SAFEARRAY* psa; HCRYPTPROV hProv = 0; HCRYPTHASH hHash = 0; HCRYPTKEY hKey = 0; DWORD dwCryptDataLen = 0; DWORD dwDataLen = 0; DWORD dwError = 0; char buffer[200];
USES_CONVERSION; 由于许多CryptoAPI 调用要用注册表,所以需要执行一句RevertToSelf().RevertToSelf();
下一步,我们需要将输入变量转化为我们能用的格式。dwDataLen = SysStringLen(bstrPlainText); pbData = (BYTE*)OLE2A(bstrPlainText); pbPassword = (BYTE*)OLE2A(bstrPassword);
然后,用CryptAcquireContext function取得省缺 Crypto provider的句柄。// Get handle to the default provider. if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv, "aspZoneCryptoComponent\0", MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)) { if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv, "aspZoneCryptoComponent\0", MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, (CRYPT_NEWKEYSET | CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET))) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptAcquireContext", dwError); return Error(buffer); } }
我们通过创建一个 one-way-hash密码得到session key。 // Create a hash object. if ( ! CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_MD5, 0, 0, &hHash)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptCreateHash", dwError); return Error(buffer); }
// Hash in the password. if ( ! CryptHashData(hHash, pbPassword, SysStringLen(bstrPassword), 0)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptHashData", dwError); return Error(buffer); } // Derive a session key from the hash object. if ( ! CryptDeriveKey(hProv, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM, hHash, 0, &hKey)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptDeriveKey", dwError); return Error(buffer); } // Destroy hash object. CryptDestroyHash(hHash); hHash = 0; 现在来加密我们的数据。// Encrypt the Data. dwCryptDataLen = dwDataLen; if ( ! CryptEncrypt(hKey, 0, true, 0, pbData, &dwCryptDataLen, dwDataLen)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptEncrypt", dwError); return Error(buffer); }
我们将加密后的数据放入一个数组中,而不是一个string里,因为它可能会包含null。虽然 BSTR 能处理null的情况,但不能保证用户调用环境能正确处理,所以一个数组是最好的选择。// Place Encrypted Data into a VARIANT SAFEARRAY of VARIANT BYTE SAFEARRAYBOUND rgsabound[] = {dwCryptDataLen, 0}; psa = SafeArrayCreate(VT_VARIANT, 1, rgsabound); VARIANT* rgElems; SafeArrayAccessData(psa, (LPVOID*)&rgElems); for(DWORD i=0;i<dwCryptDataLen;i++){ VariantInit(&rgElems[i]); rgElems[i].vt = VT_UI1; rgElems[i].uiVal = pbData[i]; } SafeArrayUnaccessData(psa); VariantInit(vCipherText); vCipherText->vt = (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT) ; vCipherText->parray = psa;
稍微整理一下,搞定。// Destroy session key. if(hKey) CryptDestroyKey(hKey); // Release provider handle. if(hProv) CryptReleaseContext(hProv, 0); return S_OK;
实现解密方法 首先定义变量。STDMETHODIMP CCrypto::Decrypt(VARIANT vCipherText, BSTR bstrPassword, BSTR *bstrPlainText) { HCRYPTPROV hProv = 0; HCRYPTHASH hHash = 0; HCRYPTKEY hKey = 0; SAFEARRAY* psa; VARIANT HUGEP *pVar; BYTE *pbData; BYTE *pbPassword; long lBound, uBound; DWORD dwCryptDataLen = 0; DWORD dwOffset = 0; DWORD dwError = 0; char buffer[200]; USES_CONVERSION;
同样的原因,我们要调用RevertToSelf()RevertToSelf();
现在,当接收一个数组参数作为变量,该数组可能藏在结构中的某个地方,所以需要一个判断嵌套。//Get the safe array out of the Variant. if (vCipherText.vt == (VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF)) { if (vCipherText.pvarVal->vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT)) SafeArrayCopy(vCipherText.pvarVal->parray, &psa); else { if (vCipherText.pvarVal->vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF)) SafeArrayCopy(*(vCipherText.pvarVal->pparray), &psa); } } else { if (vCipherText.vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF)) SafeArrayCopy(*(vCipherText.pparray), &psa); else { if (vCipherText.vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT)) SafeArrayCopy(vCipherText.parray, &psa); else return DISP_E_TYPEMISMATCH; } }
需要密文和密码都是BYTE*类型。//Convert the SAFEARRAY into a form we can use. SafeArrayAccessData(psa, (void HUGEP* FAR*)&pVar); SafeArrayGetLBound(psa, 1, &lBound); SafeArrayGetUBound(psa, 1, &uBound); dwOffset = 0 - lBound; dwCryptDataLen = uBound + dwOffset + 1; //Allocate memory pbData = (BYTE *)malloc(dwCryptDataLen);
//Copy the array for(DWORD i = lBound; i <= uBound; i++){ if( ! (pVar[i].vt & VT_UI1)){ //Data Elements must be VT_UI1 (Bytes). free(pbData); return DISP_E_TYPEMISMATCH; } pbData[i + dwOffset]="pVar[i].uiVal;" } //Get Password pbPassword="(BYTE*)OLE2A(bstrPassword);</PRE"> 取得 Crypto Provider 的句柄。// Get handle to the default provider. if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv, "aspZoneCryptoComponent\0", MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)) { if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv, "aspZoneCryptoComponent\0", MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, (CRYPT_NEWKEYSET | CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET))) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptAcquireContext", dwError); return Error(buffer); } }
从 password 中得到 session key.// Create a hash object. if ( ! CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_MD5, 0, 0, &hHash)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptCreateHash", dwError); return Error(buffer); }
// Hash in the password. if ( ! CryptHashData(hHash, pbPassword, SysStringLen(bstrPassword), 0)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptHashData", dwError); return Error(buffer); } // Derive a session key from the hash object. if ( ! CryptDeriveKey(hProv, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM, hHash, 0, &hKey)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptDeriveKey", dwError); return Error(buffer); } // Destroy hash object. CryptDestroyHash(hHash); hHash = 0; 将密文解密到纯文本中。// Decrypt the Data. if ( ! CryptDecrypt(hKey, 0, true, 0, pbData, &dwCryptDataLen)) { dwError = GetLastError(); sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptDecrypt", dwError); return Error(buffer); }
//Terminate the string with a null pbData[dwCryptDataLen] = NULL; 设置返回值,大扫除,然后搞定。//Place Decrypted data into retval *bstrPlainText = SysAllocString(A2OLE((const char *)pbData));
// Destroy session key. if(hKey) CryptDestroyKey(hKey); // Release provider handle. if(hProv) CryptReleaseContext(hProv, 0); return S_OK; } 翻译:讨饭猫 Jan,10 2000 下载doc文档(带图): http://64.13.189.254/cafecat/build a crypto component using Visual C++ and ATL .doc
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